Combined Mineral Intakes and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Postmenopausal Women.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018 Nov 21. pii: cebp.0412.2018. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0412.
Note: Vitamin D and improving it's Receptor appear to be far better than minerals in reducing colon cancer risk
- Overview Cancer-Colon and vitamin D
- Colorectal cancer is associated with Vitamin D (17 meta-analyses so far) – July 2018
- Colon Cancer survival 3.1 X less likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2017
- Colon Cancer 20 percent more likely if low Magnesium – Sept 2015
- Colorectal Cancer risk increases 1.6 X if high Calcium, low Magnesium and a poor gene – Sept 2007 Note: The study on this page believes that Calcium REDUCES risk of Colon Cancer
Swaminath S1, Um CY2, Prizment AE3, Lazovich D4, Bostick RM5.
1 Epidemiology, Emory University.
2 Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society.
3 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, U. of Minnesota School of Public Health.
4 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota.
5 Department of Epidemiology, Emory University rmbosti@emory.edu.
BACKGROUND: Despite considerable biological plausibility, other than for calcium, there are few reported epidemiologic studies on mineral intake-colorectal cancer (CRC) associations, none of which investigated multiple minerals in aggregate.
METHODS:
Accordingly, we incorporated 11 minerals into a mineral score and investigated its association with incident CRC in the Iowa Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 55 - 69-year-old women who completed a food frequency questionnaire in 1986. In the analytic cohort (n = 35, 221), 1,731 incident CRC cases were identified via the State Health Registry of Iowa. Participants'
- calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, potassium, and iodine
intakes were ranked 1 - 5, with higher ranks indicating higher, potentially anti-carcinogenic, intakes, whereas for iron, copper, phosphorus, and sodium intakes, the rankings were reversed to account for their possible pro-carcinogenic properties. The rankings were summed to create each woman's mineral score. The mineral score-incident CRC association was estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.
RESULTS: There was decreasing risk with an increasing score (P-trend = 0.001). The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for those in mineral score quintiles 2 - 5 relative to those in the lowest were 0.91 (CI, 0.88-1.08), 0.85 (CI, 0.75-0.95), 0.86 (CI, 0.75-0.97), and 0.75 (CI, 0.71-0.95), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a predominance of putative anti- relative to pro-colorectal carcinogenic mineral intakes may be inversely associated with CRC risk.
IMPACT: These results support further investigation of CRC etiology using composite mineral intake scores.