Metabolic Syndrome with and without obesity has low vitamin D - Oct 2016

Metabolically Obese Individuals of Normal Weight Have a High Risk of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency.

Am J Med Sci. 2016 Oct;352(4):360-367. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.06.017. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
Wang X1, Chang X2, Zhu Y2, Wang H2, Sun K3.
1 Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
3 same as #2, sunkan2015@sina.com

VitaminDWiki Summary

1,292 people :40 years old (Metabolic Syndrome typically is later in life)
X more likely be be vitamin D deficient

	Normal Weight	Obese
Metabolically healthy	Metabolically healthy and normal weight 32%	Metabolically healthy but obese 19%
Metabolically Unhealthy	Metabolically obese but normal weight 18% abdominal obesity 3.3 X hypertension 3.1 X C-reactive protein 2 X	Metabolically unhealthy and obese 31% hypertriglyceridemia 2.6 X insulin resistance 2.4 X elevated C-reactive protein level 2.1 X

See Also VitaminDWiki

Overview Obesity and Vitamin D contains the following summary

FACT: People who are obese have less vitamin D in their blood
FACT: Obese need a higher dose of vitamin D to get to the same level of vit D
FACT: When obese people lose weight the vitamin D level in their blood increases
FACT: Adding Calcium, perhaps in the form of fortified milk, often reduces weight
FACT: 168 trials for vitamin D intervention of obesity as of Dec 2021
FACT: Less weight gain by senior women with > 30 ng of vitamin D
FACT: Dieters lost additional 5 lbs if vitamin D supplementation got them above 32 ng - RCT
FACT: Obese lost 3X more weight by adding $10 of Vitamin D
FACT: Those with darker skins were more likely to be obese Sept 2014
OBSERVATION: Low Vitamin D while pregnancy ==> more obese child and adult
OBSERVATION: Many mammals had evolved to add fat and vitamin D in the autumn
- and lose both in the Spring - unfortunately humans have forgotten to lose the fat in the Spring
SPECULATION: Low vitamin D might be one of the causes of obesity – several studies
SUGGESTION: Probably need more than 4,000 IU to lose weight if very low on vitamin D due to
risk factors such as overweight, age, dark skin, live far from equator,shut-in, etc.
Obesity category has 442 items

Normal weight Obese (50 ng = 125 nanomole)

Click here for 2014 study

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BACKGROUND:
Vitamin D status is related to obesity-related metabolic disorders. We investigated the risk of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency among different metabolic phenotypes.
METHODS:
This prospective cross-sectional study evaluated 1,292 individuals who were =40 years old. Participants were classified as metabolically healthy and normal weight (MHNW), metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW), metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy and obese (MUO). The demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as plasma 25(OH)D levels, were compared between the 4 groups.
RESULTS:
The prevalences of MHNW, MONW, MHO and MUO were 32.1%, 19.3%, 17.9% and 30.7%, respectively. Approximately 58.5% participants had vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency was more common in the MONW (68.7%) and MUO (73.6%) groups (MHNW, 42.7 and MHO, 50.2%). The MONW and MUO groups had lower 25(OH)D levels (versus the MHNW and the MHO groups). Among vitamin D-deficient participants, the MONW group exhibited increased risks of abdominal obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 3.28, P = 0.005), hypertension (OR: 3.08, P = 0.003) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR: 1.97, P = 0.03). In addition, the MUO group exhibited increased risks of hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 2.57, P = 0.001), insulin resistance (OR: 2.37, P = 0.001) and elevated C-reactive protein level (OR: 2.09, P = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS:
Individuals who were MONW and MUO had increased risks of vitamin D deficiency (versus MHNW and MHO), and individuals with vitamin D deficiency had worse metabolic status. Vitamin D supplementation may improve the metabolic status of individuals who are MONW or MUO.

PMID: 27776717 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.06.017