Preclinical Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in a Cohort of US Military Personnel
American Journal of Epidemiology, 10.1093/aje/kws243
Kassandra L. Munger*, Lynn I. Levin, Jennifer Massa, Ronald Horst, Tihamer Orban and Alberto Ascherio
↵*Correspondence to Dr. Kassandra L. Munger, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 2, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: kgorham@hsph.harvard.edu).
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CLIA, chemiluminescence immunoassay; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; RIA radioimmunoassay; RR, rate ratio; T1D, type 1 diabetes.
Received March 13, 2012.; Accepted April 30, 2012.
To determine whether serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in young adults are associated with risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), we conducted a prospective, nested case-control study among US active-duty military personnel with serum in the US Department of Defense Serum Repository, identifying 310 T1D cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2009 with at least 2 serum samples collected before disease onset and 613 controls matched to cases on age, sex, race/ethnicity, branch of military service, and dates of serum collection. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Among non-Hispanic whites, those with average 25(OH)D levels of ≥100 nmol/L had a 44% lower risk of developing T1D than those with average 25(OH)D levels <75 nmol/L (rate ratio = 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.35, 0.90, P for trend = 0.03) over an average follow-up of 5.4 years. In quintile analyses, T1D risk was highest among individuals whose 25(OH)D levels were in the lowest 20% of those measured.
There was no association between 25(OH)D levels and risk of T1D among non-Hispanic blacks or Hispanics.
Low 25(OH)D levels may predispose healthy, young, non-Hispanic white adults to the development of T1D.
See also VitaminDWiki
- Overview Diabetes and vitamin D
- Prevent half of T1 Diabetes with vitamin D levels of 50 ng – Dec 2012 similar conclusion to the study on this page
- Probability of Type I diabetes reduced 29 percent with vitamin D – systematic review July 2012
- Type 1 Diabetes associated with low vitamin D, especially in dark skinned youths – Dec 2012 study on this page found no assocaiton with dark skin color
- Type I diabetes 2X more likely if mother had low vitamin D – Jan 2012 this factor was not looked at in the current study
- Type 1 diabetes patients may be pissing away vitamin D – Jan 2011
- T1 Diabetes increased about 15 percent per decade in Eastern Canada – Oct 2012
- Type 1 diabetes strongly associated with low vitamin D – March 2013
- Type 1 Diabetes probability reduced by 2X if have more than 40 ng of vitamin D – Feb 2013
- Type 1 Diabetes associated with low vitamin D, especially in dark skinned youths – Dec 2012 yet the study on this page found no relationship
- Prevent half of T1 Diabetes with vitamin D levels of 50 ng – Dec 2012
- Probability of Type I diabetes reduced 29 percent with vitamin D – systematic review July 2012
- 44 percent less Type 1 diabetes if high level of vitamin D – white skinned military – March 2013
Pages listed in BOTH of the categories Diabetes and Infant/Child
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- Vitamin D2 not help – again ( T1 diabetes– which has been helped by D3) – Jan 2022
- Somewhat less Type 1 Diabetes in Wales recently – perhaps more sun or more vitamin D – March 2021
- Type 1 Diabetes (Autoimmune) and Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor and Cathelicidin - Dec 2020
- T1 Diabetes 3X lower risk if high vitamin D (over 40 ng) – Meta-analysis Nov 2020
- Poor CYP2R1 gene results in lower vitamin D and 2X increase in T1 Diabetes – Sept 2019
- Milk Consumption Is strongly linked to Type 1 Diabetes – Dr. Greger Nov 2019
- T1 Diabetes treated by Vitamin D and Omega-3 - Jan 2018
- Children in India – 1 in 7 extremely low Vitamin D, 1 in 10 prediabetic – Sept 2019
- Type 1 diabetes trial having problems getting participants – too many taking Vitamin D or Omega-3 – Aug 2019
- Type 1 Diabetes is prevented and treated by Vitamin D – review of 16 studies – Sept 2019
- T1 Diabetes reduction by high Omega-3 and Vitamin D – GRH ongoing observation
- Type 1 Diabetes prevention with Vitamin D and Omega-3 – Symposium April 2019
- Type 1 Diabetes risk increased if high postpartum Vitamin D binding protein – Jan 2019
- T1 Diabetes – how it may be prevented and treated by Vitamin D – Dec 2018
- Vitamin D and Omega-3 may treat Type 1 Diabetes – RCT 2024
- Type 1 Diabetes is increasing – decreased vitamin D is one of the many possible reasons – Sept 2018
- Early Type 1 Diabetes May Shorten Women’s Lives by 18 Years - Aug 2018
- Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) 1.6 X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 2018
- Type 1 Diabetes 14 percent more likely with 2 Vitamin D Receptor mutations – Oct 2017
- T1 Diabetes associated with many other autoimmune diseases (all related to low vitamin D) – May 2017
- Vitamin D deficiency is associated with prediabetes in obese Swedish children – Oct 2016
- Type 1 diabetes 1.6 times more likely if a Vitamin D Receptor problem – Feb 2017
- Type II Diabetes in children in India increased 4 X in 20 years – Nov 2016
- Type 1 diabetes risk not decreased if add 400 IU vitamin D while pregnant (no surprise) – Dec 2016
- T1 Diabetes in child not prevented by a tiny amount of vitamin D during pregnancy – Nov 2015
- Diabetes (Type 1) increasing 4 percent per year, now 30,000 in the UK - May 2015
- T1 diabetes in children helped with two doses of 150,000 IU of vitamin D and Calcium – March 2015
- Type I diabetes in dark skin children associated with low vitamin D if far from equator – Jan 2015
- Type 1 diabetes helped with 50,000 IU of vitamin D every two weeks – Nov 2014
- T1 Diabetes associated with low vitamin D - Nov 2014
- Type I Diabetes stopped increasing in Finland after Vitamin D levels were raised – July 2014
- Diabetic children often need more than 7,000 IU of vitamin D – June 2014
- T1 Diabetes 35 percent more likely if 10 degrees further from equator (less vitamin D) – June 2014
- Higher vitamin D at birth associated with less diabetes and obesity 35 years later – Jan 2014
- Type 1 diabetes 3.5X more frequent if low vitamin D - Medscape CME Dec 2012
- Metabolic Syndrome in children is associated with low vitamin D – review Jan 2013
- Like their diabetic mothers, infants had low vitamin D and were slightly diabetic – May 2012
- Type I diabetes 2X more likely if mother had low vitamin D – Jan 2012
See also web
- Adequate vitamin D levels during young adulthood may reduce risk of type 1 diabetes News Medical Net Feb 2013, reporting on this study
About 5% of the estimated 25.8 million people in the United States with diabetes have type 1
Although it often starts in childhood, about 60% of type 1 diabetes cases occur after age 20.
The risk of type 1 diabetes appears to be increased even at vitamin D levels that are commonly regarded as normal, suggesting that a substantial proportion of the population could benefit from increased vitamin D intake, said Alberto Ascherio, professor of epidemiology and nutrition at HSPH, the study's senior author. - Harvard Gazette was one of many other which also reported on the study