Vitamin D and Arterial Hypertension: Treat the Deficiency - Feb 2013

American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 26, Issue 2, Pp. 158.
Katharina Kienreich1, Andreas Tomaschitz2, Nicolas Verheyen2, Thomas R. Pieber1 and Stefan Pilz1,3
1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Austria;
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria;
3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Correspondence: Katharina Kienreich (katharina.kienreich@gmx.at).
Received September 28, 2012.; Accepted October 18, 2012.

To the Editor:
We read with interest the work by Larsen et al. titled “Effect of Cholecalciferol Supplementation During Winter Months in Patients With Hypertension: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.” Larsen et al. have shown in a randomized controlled trial among 130 hypertensive patients that vitamin D supplementation did not significantly reduce 24-hour systolic blood pressure (BP). Interestingly, in a subgroup analysis of patients with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels below 32ng/ml (n = 92), they observed a significant decrease of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as central BP (CBP) in the treatment compared to the placebo group.1

Observational data and meta-analyses have already shown that low 25(OH)D serum levels are associated with higher cardiovascular risk as well as higher BP.2,3 The reduction of systolic BP as well as systolic CBP in a subgroup of the work by Larsen et al. supports the notion that a potential beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on the cardiovascular system is restricted to vitamin D–deficient individuals whereas vitamin D therapy seems to exert no cardiovascular-protective actions in individuals with vitamin D sufficiency. This has to be considered in future interventional studies and it is therefore of concern that the large interventional vitamin D studies, i.e., the VITAL trial by Manson et al., include participants regardless of their vitamin D status at baseline.4 Such study designs may be biased by null findings in vitamin D–sufficient individuals.

Therefore, and in line with the conclusion by Larsen et al., we want to underline that future randomized controlled trials in vitamin D–deficient hypertensive patients are urgently warranted.

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

REFERENCES

1. Larsen T, Mose FH, Bech JN, Hansen AB, Pedersen EB In VitaminDWiki (3000 IU reduced hypertension for the vitamin D insufficient – RCT Aug 2012)
. Effect of cholecalciferol supplementation during winter months in patients with hypertension: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25: 1215–1222.
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2. Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, März W, Drechsler C, Ritz E, Zittermann A, Cavalier E, Pieber TR, Lappe JM, Grant WB, Holick MF, Dekker JM
. Vitamin D, cardiovascular disease and mortality. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75: 575–584.
CrossRefMedline
3.↵ Burgaz A, Orsini N, Larsson SC, Wolk A
. Blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and hypertension: a meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2011; 29:636–645. CrossRefMedlineWeb of Science
4.↵ Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Lee IM, Cook NR, Albert MA, Gordon D, Zaharris E, Macfadyen JG, Danielson E, Lin J, Zhang SM, Buring JE
. The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): rationale and design of a large randomized controlled trial of vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acid supplements for the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Contemp Clin Trials 2012; 33: 159–171.
CrossRefMedlineWeb of Science

Vitamin D and Arterial Hypertension: Treat the Deficiency - Feb 2013

REFERENCES

See also VitaminDWiki