Omega-3 fatty acids in obesity and metabolic syndrome: A mechanistic update
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.012
Kembra Albracht-Schultea, b, Nishan S. Kalupahanaa, b, d, skalupahana@pdn.ac.lk, , Latha Ramalingama, b, Shu Wanga, b, Shaikh Rahmana, b, Jacalyn Robert-McCombb, c, Naima Moustaid-Moussaa, b
- Overview: Omega-3 many benefits include helping vitamin D
- Overweight women on caloric restriction diet got 3X benefits from 8 weeks of Omega-3 – RCT Dec 2015
- Omega-3 in infancy reduces Obesity following antibiotic (confirmed in rats, suspected in humans) – Feb 2016
- Hypothesis – Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio increases obesity – Nov 2015
- Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
Items in both categories Metabolic Syndrome and Omega-3 are listed here:
- Metabolic Syndrome risk reduced 3.7 X by nuts (Magnesium, Omega-3) – Dec 2018
- Pancreatic Cancer is increasing – Vitamin D and Omega-3 should reduce the risk
- How Omega-3 fights metabolic syndrome and weight – Feb 2018
- Obese youths 2X less likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome if take Omega-3 – RCT April 2016
Pages listed in BOTH of the categories Obesity and Omega-3
- Omega-3 added to father’s diet reduced offspring’s obesity (mice) – June 2024
- Overweight needed more EPA (4 grams) to fight depression – RCT Aug 2022
- 4 weeks of Omega-3 better than 2 week 800 calorie diet before Bariatric Surgery – RCT March 2019
- Omega-3 may reduce weight gain and maintain weight loss – Aug 2018
- Severe Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease treated by Omega-3 – RCT April 2018
- How Omega-3 fights metabolic syndrome and weight – Feb 2018
- NAFLD in children nicely treated by combination of Vitamin D and Omega-3 – RCT Dec 2016
- Obese youths 2X less likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome if take Omega-3 – RCT April 2016
- Omega-3 in infancy reduces Obesity following antibiotic (confirmed in rats, suspected in humans) – Feb 2016
- Huge increases in Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio increase risk of obesity, etc. – March 2016
- Overweight women on caloric restriction diet got 3X benefits from 8 weeks of Omega-3 – RCT Dec 2015
- Hypothesis – Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio increases obesity – Nov 2015
- Omega-3 reduced vitamin D3 inflammation for obese – RCT Jan 2013
- Reasons for low response to vitamin D
Vitamin D also fights Metabolic Syndrome
PDF is available free at Sci-Hub 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.012
Strategies to reduce obesity have become public health priorities as the prevalence of obesity has risen in the United States and around the world.
While the anti-inflammatory and hypo-triglyceridemic properties of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are well known, their anti-obesity effects and efficacy against metabolic syndrome, especially in humans, are still under debate.
In animal models, evidence consistently suggests a role for n-3 PUFA in reducing fat mass, particularly in the retroperitoneal and epididymal regions.
In humans, however, published research suggests that though n-3 PUFA may not aid weight loss, they may attenuate further weight gain, and could be useful in the diet or as a supplement to help maintain weight loss.
Proposed mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA may work to improve body composition and counteract obesity-related metabolic changes include:
- modulating lipid metabolism;
- regulating adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin;
- alleviating adipose tissue inflammation;
- promoting adipogenesis; and
- altering epigenetic mechanisms.
Abbreviations
ALA, α–linolenic acid; AA, arachidonic acid; BMI, body mass index; BAT, brown adipose tissue; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FABP, fatty acid-binding protein; FFAR, free fatty acid receptor family; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HF, high-fat; IL, interleukin; LA, linoleic acid; MetS, metabolic syndrome; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acids; TG, triglycerides; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; UCP, uncoupling protein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; WAT, white adipose tissue