The Influence of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Skeletal Muscle Protein Turnover in Health and Disease
Front. Nutrition doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00144
Chris McGlory1*, Philip Calder2 and Everson A. Nunes3
1 McMaster University, Canada
2 University of Southampton, United Kingdom
3 Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Items in both categories Omega-3 and Sports are listed here:
- Omega-3 helps muscles - many studies
- Handgrip strength increased 9 percent in college athletes with 8 weeks of Omega-3 – RCT Feb 2022
- Omega-3 improves elderly muscles – 2 meta-analyses
- Less muscle loss associated with eating more fish (Omega-3, Vitamin D, Magnesium, etc) – Jan 2020
- Omega-3 helps muscles – Aug 2019
- Muscle loss (sarcopenia) may be both prevented and treated by Omega-3 – Feb 2019
- No NCAA player had a healthy Omega-3 index – Jan 2019
- Muscle fatigue 4X less likely in rugby players getting Omega-3 and protein – July 2018
- 2X less muscle soreness after exercise if Omega-3 index higher than 4 – RCT 2014
- Olympic Committee consensus on Vitamin D, Omega-3, Zinc, etc– May 2018
- During NFL season – Omega-3 down by 2.5 points while Vitamin D up by 9 ng – March 2018
- Omega-3 helps muscles and reduces inflammation, lipids, and insulin – Nov 2015
- Mild Traumatic Brain Injury prevented with Omega-3, Resveratrol, etc (in rats) – Oct 2017
- Large single-dose of Omega-3 reduced expected muscle damage – Feb 2017
- Capillary blood flow increased with Omega-3 by increasing deformability of blood cells – July 2015
- Football Brain injuries prevented by Omega-3 – RCT Jan 2016
- Senior muscles increased somewhat with Omega-3 – RCT July 2015
- Traumatic brain injury treated by Vitamin D Progesterone Omega-3 and glutamine – May 2013
- Omega-3 weekly is more bio-available than daily (rat study) – July 2015
- wonder if weekly Omega-3 is better for humans as well
- Sarcopenia (muscle loss) fought by Vitamin D, exercise and protein - many studies
- Muscles and Vitamin D - many studies
- Omega-3 reduces side effects of Cancer treatments – April 2019
Vitamin D and Omega-3 category starts with
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Ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids is known to exert favourable health effects on a number of biological processes such as improved immune profile, enhanced cognition, and optimised neuromuscular function. Recently, data have also emerged demonstrating a positive influence of omega-3 fatty acid intake on skeletal muscle. For instance, there are reports of clinically-relevant gains in muscle size and strength in healthy older persons with omega-3 fatty acid intake as well as evidence that omega-3 fatty acid ingestion alleviates the loss of muscle mass and prevents decrements in mitochondrial content during periods of muscle-disuse. Cancer cachexia that is characterized by a rapid involuntary loss of lean mass, has also been shown to be attenuated by omega-3 fatty acid provision.
The primary means by which omega-3 fatty acids alter positively impact skeletal muscle mass is via incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) into membrane phospholipids of the sarcolemma and intracellular organelles. Enrichment of EPA and DHA in these membrane phospholipids is linked to enhanced rates of muscle protein synthesis, decreased expression of factors that regulate muscle protein breakdown, and improved mitochondrial respiration kinetics.
However, exactly how incorporation of EPA and DHA into phospholipid membranes alters these processes remains unknown. In this review, we discuss the interaction between omega-3 fatty acid ingestion and skeletal muscle protein turnover in response to nutrient provision in younger and older adults. Additionally, we examine the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in protecting muscle loss during muscle-disuse and in cancer cachexia, and critically evaluate the molecular mechanisms that underpin the phenotypic changes observed in skeletal muscle with omega-3 fatty acid intake.
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