An Assessment of Risk Factors for Insufficient Levels of Vitamin D during Early Infancy
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041068
by Keith T. S. Tung 1OrcID,Rosa S. Wong 1,Hing Wai Tsang 1OrcID,Bianca N. K. Chan 1,Siew Yan Wong 1OrcID,Hung-Kwan So 1OrcID,Joanna Y. L. Tung 1,2OrcID,Marco H. K. Ho 1,Wilfred H. S. Wong 1 andPatrick Ip 1,*OrcID
- 1 Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 000000, China
- 2 Department of Paediatrics, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong 000000 SAR, China
Low = < 20 ng
infants aged 2 to 6 months in Hong Kong
Apparently few Hong Kong mothers supplement with vitamin D after giving birth
multiparous mothers are an aditional risk factor
. – study did not mention the likely cause: Mother has not restored her vitamin D lost during previous pregnancy
High Risk category listing contains the following
Those at high-risk of being Vitamin D deficient will require about 1.5X more vitamin D to restore their levels
Those who are at risk due to being obese need about 2X more vitamin D to restore their levels
Overview Dark Skin
Overview Seniors
Overview Obesity
Overview Pregnancy
Overview Deficiency
Shut-in category which has
Middle East category which has
22 VitaminDWiki pages had CLOTH in the title as of July 2022
16+ VitaminDWiki pages with SHIFTWORK etc in the title
10 Groups Are More Prone To Vitamin D Deficiency - 2017 - additions include: >age 55, IBD, Vegans, Depression, Headaches
VitaminDWiki pages containing BREASTFE in title (15 items as of July 2021)
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Recent evidence suggests that breastfeeding may increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency in offspring. However, it is unclear whether increased risk results from breastfeeding alone, or whether it is associated together with other risk factors. This study surveyed 208 infant–mother dyads recruited by stratified random sampling in different districts of Hong Kong. Mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire on their demographics, history of risk behavior, and feeding practices. Peripheral blood samples were collected from infants to determine their vitamin D status. Among all infant participants, 70 were vitamin D insufficient or deficient. Being breastfed, being a girl, having a multiparous mother, and the use of sun cream were found to be the strongest risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency during infancy (all p < 0.05), after mutual adjustment. The cumulative risk model displayed a dose–response pattern between the number of risk factors and the risk of vitamin D insufficiency during this period. Our findings indicate the risk profile of infants with insufficient vitamin D. Guidelines and recommendations on healthy diet and lifestyle should be provided to mothers during the early stage of pregnancy to increase the likelihood of adequate levels of vitamin D in their offspring.
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