Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with COVID-19 Incidence and Disease Severity in Chinese People
The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 151, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 98–103, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa332
Xia Luo, Qing Liao, Ying Shen, Huijun Li, Liming Cheng
Note: - several studies have found that >40 ng is much better than >30 ng
Suspect if this data were re-analyzed for >40 ng that 2.7X ==>10X
- Vitamin D Sufficiency Reduced Risk for Morbidity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients - Holick July 14
- No COVID19 deaths in a hospital if >41 ng and <80 years old
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Background
Vitamin D might have beneficial potential in influencing the natural history of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
Objective
The aim was to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID-19 incidence and disease severity in Chinese people.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study we retrospectively analyzed 335 COVID-19 patients (median: 56.0; IQR: 43.0–64.0 y) who were admitted to the Wuhan Tongji Hospital between 27 February and 21 March 2020. We also included an age- and sex-matched population of 560 individuals (median: 55; IQR: 49.0–60.0 y) who underwent the physical examination program. Their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured during the same period from 2018–2019. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured for all COVID-19 patients on admission. Severity of COVID-19 was determined based on the level of respiratory involvement. A general linear model with adjustment for covariates was used to compare 25(OH)D concentrations between the COVID-19 and 2018–2019 control groups. Adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for associations between vitamin D status and COVID-19 severity were estimated via multivariable logistic regression.
Results
In the general linear model adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, and BMI, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower among COVID-19 patients than the 2018–2019 controls [ln transformed values of 3.32 ± 0.04 vs. 3.46 ± 0.022 ln (nmol/L), P = 0.014].
Multivariable logistic regression showed that
- male sex (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 4.82),
- advanced age (≥65 y) (OR: 4.93; 95% CI: 1.44, 16.9), and
- vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.23, 6.01)
were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
These findings suggested that vitamin D deficiency impacts COVID-19 hospitalization and severity in the Chinese population.
There have actually been
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