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Diabetics have more retina problems as they have less vitamin D – Sept 2011

Vitamin D Insufficiency in Diabetic Retinopathy – Sept 2011

Endocr Pract. 2011 Sep 22:1-18.
Payne JF, Ray R, Watson DG, Delille C, Rimler E, Cleveland J, Lynn MJ, Tangpricha V, Srivastava SK.
Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery and Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

Objective: To assess the relationship between vitamin D status and diabetic retinopathy

Methods: A clinic-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at Emory University. A total of 221 subjects were classified into five groups based on diabetes status and retinopathy findings:

no diabetes or ocular disease (n = 47),
no diabetes with ocular disease (n = 51),
diabetes with no background diabetic retinopathy (No BDR; n = 41),
nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR; n = 40), and
proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR; n = 42).

Key exclusion criteria included type 1 diabetes and those taking > 1000 IU vitamin D daily. Subjects underwent dilated fundoscopic examination and were tested for hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) between December 2009 and March 2010.

Results: Between the groups, there was no statistical difference in age, race, sex, or multivitamin use.
Diabetic subjects had lower 25(OH)D levels than non-diabetic subjects (22.9 ng/ml versus 30.3 ng/ml, p<0.001).
The mean 25(OH)D levels were as follows:

No diabetes or ocular disease = 31.9 ng/ml,
No diabetes with ocular disease = 28.8 ng/ml,
No BDR = 24.3 ng/ml, NPDR = 23.6 ng/ml, PDR = 21.1 ng/ml.

Univariate analysis of the 25(OH)D levels demonstrated statistical significance between the study groups, race, body mass index, multivitamin use, hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. In a multivariate linear model with all potential confounders, only multivitamin use remained significant (p<0.001).

Conclusions: This study suggests that diabetic subjects, especially those with PDR, have lower 25(OH)D levels than those without diabetes.

PMID: 21940279

Note: subjects selected for the study did not take >1000 IU of vitamin D

See also VitaminDWiki

Overview Diabetes and vitamin D contains the following summary

Diabetes is 5X more frequent far from the equator
Children getting 2,000 IU of vitamin D are 8X less likely to get Type 1 diabetes
Obese people get less sun / Vitamin D - and also vitamin D gets lost in fat
Sedentary people get less sun / Vitamin D
Worldwide Diabetes increase has been concurrent with vitamin D decrease and air conditioning
Elderly get 4X less vitamin D from the same amount of sun
Elderly also spend less time outdoors and have more clothes on
All items in category Diabetes and Vitamin D 551 items: both Type 1 and Type 2

Vitamin D appears to both prevent and treat diabetes

Appears that >2,000 IU will Prevent
Appears that >4,000 IU will Treat , but not cure
90% less T2 Diabetes in the group having lots of Vitamin D
Appears that Magnesium helps both Prevention and Treatment
Many diabetics would be better treated if Gut-Friendly Vitamin D were used

Number of articles in both categories of Diabetes and:

Dark Skin 24; Intervention 56; Meta-analysis 40; Obesity 36; Pregnancy 44; T1 (child) 39; Omega-3 11; Vitamin D Receptor 24; Genetics 13; Magnesium 29 Click here to see details

Some Diabetes studies

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Diabetics have more retina problems as they have less vitamin D – Sept 2011

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