Magnesium reference ranges – 43 now, suggest a low of 0.85 nmol (2.07 mg) – July 2022

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Recommendation on an updated standardization of serum magnesium reference ranges

European Journal of Nutrition https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02916-w
Andrea Rosanoff1© • Christina West2 • Ronald J. Elin3 • Oliver Micke4 • Shadi Baniasadi5 Mario Barbagallo6 • Emily Campbell1,7 • Fu-Chou Cheng8 • Rebecca B. Costello1 • Claudia Gamboa-Gomez9 • Fernando Guerrero-Romero10 • Nana Gletsu-Miller11 • Bodo von Ehrlich12 • Stefano lotti13 Ka Kahe14 • Dae Jung Kim15 • Klaus Kisters16,17 • Martin Kolisek18 • Anton Kraus19 • Jeanette A. Maier20 • Magdalena Maj-Zurawska21 • Lucia Merolle22 • Mihai Nechifor23 • Guitti Pourdowlat24 • Michael Shechter25,26 •
Yiqing Song27 • Yee Ping Teoh28 • Rhian M. Touyz29 • Taylor C. Wallace1,30,31 • Kuninobu Yokota32 • Federica Wolf33,34 • for the MaGNet Global Magnesium Project (MaGNet)

Purpose Serum magnesium is the most frequently used laboratory test for evaluating clinical magnesium status. Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium status), which is associated with many chronic diseases, is diagnosed using the serum magnesium reference range. Currently, no international consensus for a magnesemia normal range exists. Two independent groups designated 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL; 1.7 mEq/L) as the low cut-off point defining hypomagnesemia. MaGNet discussions revealed differences in serum magnesium reference ranges used by members’ hospitals and laboratories, presenting an urgent need for standardization.

Methods We gathered and compared serum magnesium reference range values from our institutions, hospitals, and colleagues worldwide.

Results Serum magnesium levels designating “hypomagnesemia” differ widely.
Of 43 collected values, only 2 met 0.85 mmol/L as the low cut-off point to define hypomagnesemia.
The remainder had lower cut-off values, which may underestimate hypomagnesemia diagnosis in hospital, clinical, and research assessments. Current serum magnesium reference ranges stem from “normal” populations, which unknowingly include persons with chronic latent magnesium deficit (CLMD). Serum magnesium levels of patients with CLMD fall within widely used “normal” ranges, but their magnesium status is too low for long-term health. The lower serum magnesium reference (0.85 mmol/L) proposed specifically prevents the inclusion of patients with CLMD.

Conclusions Widely varying serum magnesium reference ranges render our use of this important medical tool imprecise, minimizing impacts of low magnesium status or hypomagnesemia as a marker of disease risk. To appropriately diagnose, increase awareness of, and manage magnesium status, it is critical to standardize lower reference values for serum magnesium at 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL; 1.7 mEq/L).
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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Magnesium interacts with Calcium and Vitamin D - VitaminDWiki suspects can not look at them in isolation

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See also VitaminDWiki

• Magnesium deficiency level should be raised from .75 to .85 – April 2021
• Magnesium in Healthcare (Rickets, Stones, Pregnancy, Depression, etc.) with level of evidence – Sept 2017
  • concluded that need more than 0.85
• Four Magnesium Deficiency Questionnaires for women - July 2020
• Magnesium tests both serum (this sudy) and more accurate but expensive Ionized
• More Magnesium needed by obese (Mg Sulfate, women in this case) – RCT Dec 2021

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VitaminDWiki - Magnesium and Vitamin D contains

365 items in category, see also

• Overview Magnesium and vitamin D
• Longevity experts take Vitamin D, Omega-3, and Magnesium - Patrick video Sept 2023
• The ONE Supplement All Longevity Experts Are Taking (Magnesium) - video and transcript Dec 2023
• Magnesium deficiency – causes and symptoms – May 2016
• Magnesium Depletion Score predicts increased risk of various health problems
• Vitamins and Metals needed by the Immune System – Jan 2020
• Magnesium: intake decreased, difficult to measure in body – Sept 2018
• Magnesium deficiency estimated by just 6 Yes No questions - Dec 2019
• Magnesium fights diabetes (yet again)– meta-analysis Nov 2021
• Magnesium in Healthcare (Rickets, Stones, Pregnancy, Depression, etc.) with level of evidence – Sept 2017
• Magnesium is great for health, topical much faster than oral, MgCl2 is the best – 2019
• Magnesium is important for health but levels are low – July 2018
• How to get lots of Magnesium – especially needed for Coimbra MS and Autoimmune Protocol
• Magnesium etc. reduced in crops (must supplement) – 2009

Mg and Vitamin D

• Intracellular Magnesium and Vitamin D - a few studies
• Vitamin D and Magnesium need each other - many studies
• Why Vitamin D is Useless without This Critical Nutrient (Magnesium) - Jan 2019
• 500 mg of Magnesium for 8 weeks increased Vitamin D by 4 ng – July 2020
• Magnesium and Vitamin D - pre-colon cancer – RCT Dec 2018
• Magnesium is vital to Vitamin D in 4 places (maybe 8) – March 2018
• Magnesium and Vitamin D – recent deficiencies, needed, synergistic - good overview 2017
• Vitamin D Cofactors in a nutshell
• Magnesium and Vitamin D - similar, different and synergistic

Magnesium topics gathered on a page

• Vitamin D, Omega-3, and Magnesium are synergistic - many studies
• Magnesium and Cancer - many studies
• Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Magnesium - many studies
• Low Magnesium associated with severe COVID – many studies
• Calcium to Magnesium Ratio - many studies
• Magnesium Role in Health and Longevity - many studies
• Magnesium reduces pain - many studies
• Vitamin D and Magnesium need each other - many studies
• Pregnancy helped by Magnesium - many studies

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VitaminDWiki - Venn diagram

	Magnesium	not Magnesium
Vitamin D	Magnesium or Vitamin D Aging, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease; Asthma, Attention Deficit Disorder, Autism, Cancer, Cerebrovascular, Chronic Fatigue, Diabetes, Hearing Loss, Heart Disease, Heart Attack, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disease, HIV, AIDS; Hypertension; Kidney Stones, Migraine Headache, Multiple Sclerosis, Obesity, Osteoporosis, Peripheral vascular disease; Pregnancy-related problems, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sports-related problems,	Vitamin D only Acne, Allergy, Autoimmune, Bone, Breathing, Celiac, Cognition, Colds and Flu, Cystic Fibrosis, Dental, Fertility, hyperparathyroid, Immunity, Kidney, Liver, Lupus, Osteoarthritis, Pain - chronic, Parkinson, Psoriasis, Rickets, Strokes, Sarcoidosis, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Tuberculosis, Vision, Hair, Skin, Sports
Not Vitamin D	Magnesium only Aggressive Behavior, Alcoholism, Arrhythmia, Cerebral Palsy, Chemical Sensitivity, Cluster Headaches; Cocaine-related Stroke; Constipation, Cramps, Fluoride Toxicity, Head Injuries, Central Nervous System Injuries, Magnesium Deficiency; Menopause, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Nystagmus, Psychiatric Disorders; Repetitive Strain Injury, Sickle Cell Disease, SIDS, Stress, Stuttering, Tetanus; Tinnitus, Sound Sensitivity; TMJ; Toxic Shock; Violence	Neither ALL OTHER DISEASES