Altered decidual and placental catabolism of vitamin D may contribute to the aetiology of spontaneous miscarriage
Placenta, Volume 92, March 2020, Pages 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2020.01.013
lH.HouaJ.Y.ZhangaD.ChenaF.DengbA.N.MorsebX.QiucP.HebG.E.Lasha
Items in both categories Pregnancy and Vitamin D Receptor:
- Gestational Diabetes and Vitamin D - many studies
- Hypertension during pregnancy: low Vitamin D, poor Vit. D genes – June 2022
- Preeclampsia reduced by Vitamin D - many studies
- After lactation Vitamin D levels are low, increased risk of Breast Cancer, vitamin D should decrease risk – Aug 2021
- Gestational Diabetes – increased risk if poor Vitamin D Receptor – 2 Meta-Analyses 2021
- Higher risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Feb 2021
- Spontaneous Miscarriage strongly associated with 2 vitamin D genes – March 2020
- Preterm birth associated with many genes, including the Vitamin D Receptor again – Jan 2020
- Preterm birth 8X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Dec 2019
- Preterm birth 9 X more likely if fetus had a poor Vitamin D Receptor and previous miscarriage – Aug 2017
- Recurrent miscarriage occurs 2.2 more often if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2019
- Gestational Diabetes 2.4X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor (region in China) – June 2019
- Gestational Diabetes 3 X more likely if poor Vitamin D receptor (Turkey) – May 2019
- Preeclampsia 2X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – April 2019
- Preterm births 12 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor (white infants in Italy) – meta-analysis Aug 2018
- UV at time of conception associated with Vitamin D Receptor activation 65 years later – Sept 2017
- A good Vitamin D Receptor (or perhaps more vitamin D) protects against lead during pregnancy
- Vitamin D Receptor is associated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and preterm birth – Nov 2017
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus associated with 4 Vitamin D genes – Oct 2015
- Frequent miscarriage associated with both lower vitamin D and poor Vitamin D receptor – Sept 2017
- Vitamin D genes and pregnancy – 7th study - Sept 2017
- Preterm births strongly related to Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, Iodine, Omega-3, etc
- Recurrent miscarriage associated with half as much vitamin D getting to fetus – Sept 2016
- Progesterone activates vitamin D receptor - many studies
Items in both categories Pregnancy and Vitamin D Binding Protein:
- Hypertension during pregnancy: low Vitamin D, poor Vit. D genes – June 2022
- During pregnancy less Vitamin D due to increased Vitamin D binding Protein – May 2020
- Spontaneous Miscarriage strongly associated with 2 vitamin D genes – March 2020
- Preeclampsia 11X more likely if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein (South Africa) - Sept 2019
- Type 1 Diabetes risk increased if high postpartum Vitamin D binding protein – Jan 2019
- Fetal Growth poor if Vitamin D-Binding Protein gene poor – Feb 2017
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus associated with 4 Vitamin D genes – Oct 2015
- Preeclampsia changes to Vitamin D Binding Protein reduces Vitamin D in placenta – Dec 2016
- Bio-available Vitamin D is reduced by half during pregnancy – Jan 2017
- Changes during pregnancy of vitamin D (decrease), DBP (2X) and albumin (0.8X) – Oct 2014
Items in both categories Pregnancy and other Vitamin D Genes:
- Gestational Diabetes and Vitamin D - many studies
- Hypertension during pregnancy: low Vitamin D, poor Vit. D genes – June 2022
- Spontaneous Miscarriage strongly associated with 2 vitamin D genes – March 2020
- 430 genes changed when 3,800 IU Vitamin D added in late second trimester – RCT May 2018
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus associated with 4 Vitamin D genes – Oct 2015
- Pregnant women need at least 40 ng of Vitamin D (Wagner, genes) – Oct 2017
- Vitamin D genes and pregnancy – 7th study - Sept 2017
- Vitamin D during pregnancy – dramatic changes in both metabolism and genes – Feb 2017
- 5839 genes changed during pregnancy (many genes were related to Vitamin D) – Oct 2016
- Preeclampsia 3.5 times more likely if low vitamin D (affects 348 Vit. D genes) – RCT Nov 2016
- Low vitamin D in pregnancy – epigenetic pancreas problems in offspring (mice) – May 2016
- Low vitamin D in mother rat altered 426 genes in newborn rat – Aug 2013
Miscarriage in 29 VitaminDWiki titles as of Dec 2021
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Placenta
Decidua
Highlights
- Placental/decidual levels of vitamin D are decreased in spontaneous miscarriage.
- CYP enzyme expression changes may be linked to hyperoxia.
- VDR expression changes may be linked to infection.
Introduction
Vitamin D catabolizing enzymes, along with vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) are expressed in the decidua and placenta during pregnancy and capable of synthesizing active vitamin D. Vitamin D plays roles in immunoregulation and trophoblast invasion, key features of a successful pregnancy. Epidemiological data suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with both spontaneous and recurrent miscarriage but few studies have investigated the expression of the key vitamin D catabolizing enzymes in miscarriage.
Methods
Placenta and decidua were collected after termination of apparently normal pregnancies (controls, n = 22) or spontaneous miscarriage (n = 20). Immunohistochemical staining, Western Blot and qRT-PCR were performed for CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP2R1, VDR and DBP (not qRT-PCR). HTR-8/SVneo cells were cultured in CoCL2 (hypoxic mimetic) or LPS (bacterial infection mimetic) for 24 h, RNA extracted and qRT-PCR performed for CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP2R1 and VDR.
Results
In spontaneous miscarriage, placental and decidual
- expression of CYP27B1 was reduced, while
- expression of CYP24A1, VDR and DBP was increased.
When a trophoblast cell line was treated with CoCL2 expression of CYP27B1 was increased and CYP24A1 was reduced, while LPS induced expression of VDR.
Discussion
This is the first report of altered utero-placental vitamin D catabolism in spontaneous miscarriage. It is becoming accepted that women who are undergoing assisted reproductive technologies should ensure they have sufficient vitamin D levels prior to pregnancy, these data support that all women should ensure they are vitamin D replete before planning to get pregnant.