Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(8), 4226; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084226
by Hei-Nga Chan 1,†,Xiu-Juan Zhang 1,†,Xiang-Tian Ling 1,Christine Huyen-Trang Bui 1,Yu-Meng Wang 1,Patrick Ip 2ORCID,Wai-Kit Chu 1,3ORCID,Li-Jia Chen 1,3,4ORCID,Clement C. Tham 1,3,4,5,6ORCID,Jason C. Yam 1,3,4,5,6,*ORCID andChi-Pui Pang 1,3,*
The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of recent findings on the association between vitamin D and different ocular diseases, including myopia, age–related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), dry eye syndrome (DES), thyroid eye disease (TED), uveitis, retinoblastoma (RB), cataract, and others, from epidemiological, clinical and basic studies, and briefly discuss vitamin D metabolism in the eye. We searched two research databases for articles examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and different ocular diseases.
One hundred and sixty–two studies were found.
There is evidence on the association between vitamin D and myopia, AMD, DR, and DES. Overall,
- 17 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and AMD, while
- 48 out of 54 studies reported that vitamin D was associated with DR, and
- 25 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and DES.
However, the available evidence for the association with other ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, TED, and RB, remains limited.
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VitaminDWiki - Vision category starts
- 12% larger pupils in children who are Vitamin D deficient – Feb 2024 parasympathetic nervous system?
- Myopia, AMD, Dry Eye, and Diabetic Retinopathy are all associated with low Vitamin D - April 2023
- An ocular disease can be associated with low vitamin D and 1 of 5 poor vitamin D genes – June 2022
- Eye vitamin D may not be associated with blood VitD, but is associated with CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 – Nov 2019
- Vitamin D treats and prevents a variety of eye problems (need 70 ng) – June 2018
- Vitamin D and Myopia, AMD, Diabetic Retinopathy, Uveitis, Glaucoma, VDR etc. – May 2015
- Tears often have 25 % higher levels of vitamin D than does blood
Vision problems having many studies on VitaminDWiki
- Uveitis (inflamed eye) and Vitamin D - many studies
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Vitamin D - many studies
- Cataracts and Vitamin D - many studies
- Diabetic Retinopathy associated with low Vitamin D - many studies
- 7+ studies of Glaucoma and Vitamin D
- Dry Eyes treated by Omega-3 and Vitamin D – many studies
- 21+ studies of Myopia and Vitamin D
VitaminDWiki - Meta-analyses of Vision
- Dry eyes associated with low Vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2020
- Vitamin D and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (and 2 AMD meta-analyses) – Oct 2017
- Diabetic Retinopathy twice as likely if a T2 Diabetic has low level of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- Diabetic Retinopathy 2 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis Nov 2016
- Diabetic Retinopathy 27 percent more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2016
- Late stage AMD 2.2 more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis April 2016
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