Diarrhea and Vitamin D - several studies

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Childhood diarrhea 7X higher risk if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D - meta-analysis – 2024

The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Pediatrics (2024) 24:125 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0
Glen Lazarus , I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya Putra, Michelle Clarissa Junaidi1, Jessica Sylvania Oswarl1 and Hanifah Oswari1

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea.

Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were 'vitamin D, '25-hydroxyvitamin D, 'vitamin D deficiency', 'diarrhea', 'gastroenteritis', 'children', and 'pediatric' The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle­Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done.

Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p=0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting.

Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea.
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